Vintage Burton
Kart Racing
History
Kart racing on the streets of Berlin in 1963
Art Ingels is generally accepted as the father of karting. A veteran of Hot Rodder and a race car builder at Kurtis Kraft, he built the first kart in Southern California in 1956. Karting has rapidly spread to other countries, and currently has with a large following in Europe.
The first kart manufacturer was an American company, Go Kart Manufacturing Co. (1958). McCulloch was the first company in 1959 to produce engines for karts. His first engine, the McCulloch MC-10, was an adapted chainsaw 2-stroke engine. Later in the 1960s, motorcycle engines also adapted for kart use, before dedicated manufacturers, especially in Italy (IAME), started building engines for the sport.
Components
Chassis
Rear view of a current CIK-FIA approved race karts equipped with motor KF
The chassis are made of steel tubing. There is no suspension therefore chassis have to be flexible enough to work as a suspension and stiff enough not to break or give way in a turn. Kart chassis are classified in the U.S. 'Open' 'Caged', 'Straight' or 'offset'. All CIK-FIA approved chassis are 'Straight "and" Open. "
Open karts have no cage.
Caged karts have a roll cage surrounding the driver, but are used mainly on dirt roads.
In Straight chassis the driver sits in the center. Straight chassis are used for sprint races.
In Offset chassis the driver sits on the left side. Offset chassis are used for speedway races left turn-only.
The rigidity of the chassis enables different handling characteristics of different circumstances. In general, for conditions dry a stiffer chassis is preferable, while in wet conditions and poor traction, a more flexible chassis may work better. Best chassis allow for reinforcing bars in the rear, front and side are added or removed according to race conditions.
Braking is achieved by a disc brake mounted on the shaft rear. Front disc brakes are becoming increasingly popular, however, certain classes are not allowed.
Professionally raced karts weigh 165-175 pounds (75-79 kg), complete without driver. Avanti, Tony Kart, Trulli, Birel, CRG, Gillard, Intrepid, Kosmic, Zanardi Kart or FA are some well known examples of the many European manufacturers of quality race chassis. Margay is a U.S. company producing kart chassis.
Engines
Amusement park go-karts can be powered by 4-stroke engines or motors electric, while racing karts use small 2-stroke or 4-stroke engines.
Electric Go-karts are low maintenance, requiring only that the lead-acid batteries for cars to be connected to a wide range of chargers after each race. Since they are free from pollution and emit no smoke, tracks can be covered in controlled environments. A fully charged electric kart can run up to 20 minutes before performance is affected.
4-stroke engines can be standard industrial air-cooled engines based, sometimes with small modifications, developing about 5-20 horsepower. Briggs & Stratton, Tecumseh, Kohler, Robin, and Honda are manufacturers of these engines. They are suitable for racing and fun kart applications. There are also more powerful four-engine times available from manufacturers like Yamaha, TKM, Biland or Aixro (Wankel engine) offering from 15 hp to 48 hp. They run to and about 11,000 rpm, and manufactured specifically for karting. These are used in some National Championship classes like the two times.
kart engines 2 strokes have been developed and built by the manufacturers involved. Comer, IAME (Parilla, Komet), TM, Vortex, Titan, REFO, Yamaha and Rotax are manufacturers of these engines. These can be developed from about 8 hp single cylinder 60 cc unit (MiniROK by Vortex) and 90 hp for a double 250 cc. Today, the world's most popular categories are those who use the Touch-and-go (TAG) 125 cc. The latest 125 cc engines KF1 are electronically limited to 16,000 rpm. Most are now water cooled, but air-cooled engine, previously dominated sport.
Transmission
Karts not have a differential. The lack of a differential means that one rear tire must slide in the corners, which is achieved by the design of the chassis so that the inside rear wheel is raised slightly when the kart turns the corner. This allows the tire to lose some of their control and sliding or lifting of the earth completely.
Power is transmitted from the engine to the rear axle through a chain (some properties using the belt). Both the motor and gears shaft are removable, their relationship has to be adapted according to the configuration of the track in order to maximize the engine.
In the early days, karts were direct drive, but the inconvenience of the installation soon led to the centrifugal clutch for the club level classes. centrifugal clutches dry are now used in many categories (Rotax Max is one example) and have become the norm as the leading international classes have switched to 125 engines caught cc since January 2007.
Tires
Wheels and tires are much smaller than those used in a normal car. The edges are magnesium or aluminum alloy. The tires can withstand cornering forces of more than 2 G (20 m / s), depending on chassis, engine and engine settings.
Like other sports motor, kart tires have different types of use appropriate to track conditions:
Slicks for dry weather. In international level racing these are some of the softer tires and most advanced in motorsports. Some car tire manufacturers like Bridgestone, Dunlop and Maxxis, manufacturing kart tires. There are also specific Kart tire manufacturers, including MG, MOJO, and Vega. Slick Kart tires come in many different compounds, from very mild (maximum grip) to very hard (of attractions and rental karts, less grip, but long life).
rain tires, or "wet" in wet weather. Slots are made of soft compound, and are narrower than the spots. Not all racing classes allow rain tires.
Special as the tip of tires for icy conditions, or "slices" of high-level dirt grip / Speedways clay. The cuts are the spots to change with a lathe to optimize handling.
Data Acquisition
As in other motor sports, several data acquisition systems have been developed for racing kart. These systems allow the driver to control from a fixed screen on the steering wheel some parameters such as RPM, lap time (including sectors), the number of laps, best lap, the temperature of the cooling system, and sometimes the speed or teams shifter karts.
Some of these systems are capable of registration (logging) turns data from the sensors, allowing the repetition of an entire session execution and / or direct download to a personal computer equipped with an analysis software data. More sophisticated systems allow for more information, such as lateral and longitudinal acceleration (or force-G), position throttle position of the steering wheel, brake pressure.
External Controls
Go-karts used in amusement parks can be equipped with controls Additional electronic speed limiters as distance to help promote a safer operating environment. In the case of an accident or pilot control, the Operator Remote monitoring can reduce or stop all vehicles on the track through the radio control. This remote speed control can also be used to restrict young drivers to slow operating speed, while a career that is only adults are allowed faster. These controls can apply to both electric karts and combustion engine.
Racing
Sprint race at Granja Viana, Brazil
Kart is generally accepted as the most economic motor sports available. As a leisure activity can be performed by almost anyone, and as motorsport in itself, is one of the sports regulated by the FIA (under the name of the CIK), permitting licensed racing for anyone from age 8 onwards.
In the U.S., there is less participation The FIA, in its place, many organizations regulate racing, such as the IKF (International Kart Federation), WKA (World Karting Association), Karl (American Karters Triad Racing), and the most recent Stars of Karting presented by the Indy Racing League.
In the UK, the MSA (Motor Sports Association) regulate Karting. Some associations, such as NatSKA (National Association of Schools of Karting), organize race meetings throughout the country under the authority of the MSA.
In Australia, kart racing Australia is administered by the Karting Association on behalf of the FIA and CAMS.
A variety of kart circuits permit the sport that is practiced, although only homologated tracks can have official races in Europe (see Kart circuits).
Racing classes start at 7 or 8 years (5 in the U.S. with "Kid Karts"), and in general run in age groups 3 years or weight divisions until the state enior reached the age of 15 or 16 depending on the series.
Racing formats
Typically, race formats are one of the following:
Sprint
Sprint racing takes place on dedicated kart circuits resembling small road courses, money orders left and right. Topics range from 1 / 4 mile (400 meters) to more than 1 mile (1,600 meters) in length.
The sprint format is a series of short races, usually by a small number of laps, that qualify for a final, with a variety of point scoring calculations to determine the overall winner of the event. Duration typically does not normally exceed 15 minutes. Here, speed and successful passing is of the utmost importance. It normally occurs in the format of three qualifying heats and a final race for the trophy positions.
The FIA championships, including the World Karting Championship, taking place in this format.
Resistance
Pack Laydown Enduros at Daytona U.S.
Endurance races last for a long period, from 30 minutes to 24 hours or more to one or more drivers. In general, consistency, reliability and pit strategy is more important than the speed of everything.
Called "Enduro" racing in the U.S., most of WKA and IKF sanctioned events typically last 30 minutes (Sprint Enduro) or 45 minutes (Laydown Enduro) and continuous running without stops. Enduro events are held in full size road racing circuits which are usually between 1.5 and 4 miles long.
Besides the famous 24 Hours of Le Mans for cars there is also a 24-hour event held karts in Alain Prost kart circuit in Le Mans, France. This race has taken place since 1986 and the winners list includes four times Champ Car champion Bourdais Sbastien (1996).
Speedway
Speedway racing takes place on asphalt or dirt oval tracks that are between 1 / 6 miles and a quarter mile long. Essentially of two straight Topics and four left-handers, some songs are often symmetrical and parallel to that of an egg or an oval of three.
'Offset' kart chassis have been developed for precise handling and adaptability in the competition of racing left turn only take place on oval tracks and tri-oval.
Speedway kart races range in length from 4 laps for a trophy dash, 20 laps for a main event.
The two main forms of land races used in karting race track are heat races and timed laps qualification:
The International Kart Federation (IKF) runs a racing format of two 10 laps heats followed by a final of 20 laps. final positions in the two heat races are used to calculate the starting position in the feature race.
The World Association Karting (WKA) uses time qualifying. Karts equipped with transponders are sent to the track in groups of 5 or less to try to achieve the fastest lap time. Positions for the event will include 20 qualifying laps are determined by time.
The American Kart Racing Association (Akra) uses the qualifying group transponder calculate starting positions for the 20-lap features.
Racing categories
There are many different kinds or formula in karting.
International
KZ1 kart in the CIK-FIA European Championship 2008
Superkart
CIK-FIA sanctions international championships in KF1, KF2, KF3, KZ1, KZ2 and superkart. These are considered the top-level classes of karting and also competed in national championships around the world. The World Championship (KF1) is decided here. The current 2009 World Champion of France's Arnaud Kozlinski.
CIK-FIA categories:
KF1 (upper level), KF2, KF3, and KF4 (ASIC category name). Everyone using the same life without water-cooled gearbox ong 125 cc two-stroke engines with starter and clutch, each with different technical specifications (mufflers, air boxes, carburetor, rev limit, etc.).
KZ1 and KZ2, both 125 cc gearbox categories.
Superkart, a gearbox category 250 cc.
National
In the United Kingdom, the most celebrated karting series is the National karting series, also known as Super 1. There are three types of Super 1 championships:
MSA series: Formula A, ICA, Junior ICA, Formula 100 and Formula Cadet
Rotax series: Minimax, Junior Max, Max Senior, Senior Max 177 and Rotax DD2
TKM series: Formula Junior TKM, Formula Junior Intermediate, Formula TKM Extreme, TKM, Children and Senior 4-stroke since 2006, Honda Cadet
NatSKA is a budget karting association set up for schools and youth groups in the UK, with 13 classes.
In the United States, the largest proportion of brokers are in the oval land classes often use Briggs & Stratton industrial engines. This type of racing is prominent in the Southeast and Midwest. In the West, sprint races European style is much more common.
In Australia, classes include Midget, Rookie, Junior and Senior.
Many people around the world compete in Specifications Series Rotax Max (a Touch-and-Go class) or those using the Yamaha KT100 engine.
Driver equipment
Fully equipped kart driver
For safety, kart drivers are required to wear the proper equipment:
All face helmet (Snell SA2005 and K2005 certification is required for racing, K2005 is the same as SA2005 without resistance to fire)
driving suit (coveralls abrasion resistant Cordura with at least one outer layer, CIK-FIA level 2 homologation top-level racing)
Gloves
Driving boots (ankles must be covered)
Rib neck and neck protector, but highly recommended, are optional in most countries. None of the above need to be made of flame resistant material. Superkart drivers are required to wear leather clothing, similar to used in motorcycling.
Karting as a learning tool
Kart is normally used as an inexpensive and relatively safe for drivers to enter races motor. Many people associated with young drivers, but adults are also very active in karting. Karting is considered the first step in any pilot's career is serious. You can prepare the driver for racing wheel-to-high-speed wheel helping develop quick reflexes, precision car control and skill to make decisions. Moreover, it brings an awareness of the various parameters that can be altered to try to improve the competitiveness of the kart (examples pressure tires, gearing, seat position chassis stiffness) that also exist in other forms of motor racing.
All current and former World many Formula One Championship drivers grew up racing karts, most prominent among them Michael Schumacher, Ayrton Senna, Alain Prost, Fernando Alonso, Kimi and Lewis Rikknen Hamilton. Many NASCAR drivers also got their start in racing karts, as Darrell Waltrip, Lake Speed, Ricky Rudd, Juan Pablo Montoya, Tony Stewart and Jeff Gordon.
In August 2009, in anticipation of a possible return to F1 with Ferrari, Formula One champion Michael Schumacher made a little preparation to conduct a kart Lonato, Italy. Felipe Massa also used karting in September 2009 to prove their status in Brazil, two months after freak accident Grand Prix Hungary during qualifying.
Recreational, concession and indoor karts
In addition to traditional kart racing, many commercial enterprises offer karts rent, often called "recreational" or "concession" karts. The tracks can be indoors or outdoors. Karts are rented by session (10 15 minutes usually) use robust chassis with full body dedicated to provide driver safety. Most of these companies use one to get and unity "format that provides customers with all the safety gear (helmets, gloves and gowns driver) when necessary and can occur at any time for reasons race, at a reasonable price, without the hassle of having our own team and gear.
Interior kart racing
outdoor courts can provide low-speed karts strictly for fun (chassis equipped with dedicated low-power engines or electric motors 4-stroke) for faster, more powerful karts like a racing kart (With 4-stroke engines up to 15 horsepower and more rarely by 2-stroke engines), but designed to be more robust for rental use. Typically, these outdoor courts can also be used for traditional kart racing.
Indoor go-kart tracks can be found in many large cities in different parts of world. These tracks are usually located in renovated factories and warehouses are usually shorter than traditional outdoor courts. normally covered driven karts a gasoline engine 4-stroke lead anywhere 5-13 horsepower, or sometimes by an electric motor. Many race tracks offer competitive leagues. At the top level, a World Championship Indoor Karting (IKWC) exists.
There are about 80 indoor karting tracks in the United States.
Notes
Ab ^ superkart in Magny-Cours – 2007
^ What is a shifter kart?
^ 50 years of karting 1956-2006 – CIK-FIA
^ How the kart was first introduced to Europe – by Burton Reinfrank – June 2004
^ McCulloch Motors Packaging
^ 1959 – McCulloch's Entry into Kart Racing
• Example of a homologation CIK-FIA – Chassis 2005
^ ab chassis technical picture of a racing chassis – Margay
^ "Article 21, Regulation of KF1 species; Engine speed limited to a maximum of 16,000 rpm. "- CIK-FIA 2010 Technical Regulations
^ "2.8) TRANSMISSION; should be provided to the rear wheels. The method is free, but any type of differential, either through the axle, wheel hub mounting or by any other means, is prohibited. "- CIK-FIA 2010 Technical Regulations
^ (French) Kart Circuit Alain Prost – 24 hours
^ 2009 CIK-FIA Karting World Championship – Official ranking
^ 2009 CIK-FIA Karting Technical Regulations – Article 3: Kart and Security Teams
^ Michael is the karting in Lonato – Michael Schumacher's official website, August 5, 2009
^ Felipe Massa takes the wheel for the first time since the accident – The Times, September 29, 2009
^ Indoor Karting World Championship
^ Indoor Kart Tracks
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media on Karting
Kart Racing Championships
Kart circuits
Kart manufacturers
Kart Racing
Related:
Crosskart
Cyclekart
Electrathon
Micro kart
Off road go kart
Capeta
Formula Zero
External Links
Kart racing in the Open Directory Project
Body Bodies:
CIK-FIA website
MSA – Motor Sports Association – Governing Body for motor sports in Britain
IKF – International Kart – Management body for the sport of kart racing in the U.S.
WKA – World Karting Association – Governing Body of karting in the U.S.
Akra – American Kart Racing Association – Board of Directors for the Speedway oval karting in the U.S.
AKA – Australian Kart Association – Governing Body for karting in Australia
ASN Canada – Board of Directors for kart racing in Canada
NatSKA – National Association of Schools and Youth Group Karting – UK
VKA – Vintage Karting Association – to support karting karts starting 1956 to 1975
Categories: Karting | Open Wheel Racing | Leisure activities About the Author
I am China Manufacturers writer, reports some information about tercel body kit , hks boost gauge.
LARRY CORYELL-GARY BURTON 1967 Berlin
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